Question 1

Purines differ from pyrimidines in that ____________.

Accepted Answer

Purines consist of a 6-member ring fused to a 5-member ring, while pyrimidines consist of a 6-member ring.

Question 2

Starch and cellulose differ in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Both are composed of $$\beta-$$glucose monomers, but differ in how they are connected/organized.

Question 3

Which of the following is not true regarding Oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Each O atom has partial negative charge surrounding it.

Question 4

Which of the following is not analogous to a biological polymer?

Accepted Answer

A stack of random puzzle pieces

Question 5

What process do plants make to store energy for later use?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 6

Question: How many water molecules would it take to completely break down a disaccharide of glucose that was 30 sugar molecules long? Explain.

Answer: It would take as many water molecules as there were bonds (if 30 sugar molecules long, since you break a bond in half, you actually use one less water molecule, so, for 30 sugar molecules long it would require 29 water molecules.

Accepted Answer

$$29$$

Question 7

All proteins have at least which level of structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary

Question 8

The bond that forms between the oxygen of one water molecule and the hydrogen of a different water molecule is called a

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 9

The type of bond that joins two amino acids together in a protein is a(n)

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 10

The central dogma of molecular biology can be summarized as

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 11

A non-polar amino acid would likely be found where in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Folded to the inside of the protein, away from water

Question 12

A new nucleotide is added to a polymer through a ____________ bond that connects the ____________ of the new nucleotide with the ____________ of the previous nucleotide.

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester; phosphate group; sugar

Question 13

The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called its ______ structure.

Accepted Answer

Tertiary

Question 14

In a double-stranded DNA, the _____ remains up the backbone, while the _____ face inward and interact with the opposite strand.

Accepted Answer

Sugar and phosphate; nitrogenous bases

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of RNA but not DNA?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions (as a ribozyme)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy required for a reaction.

General Biology: Macromolecules, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids – Study Guide

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