Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the hierarchy of biological organization from the simplest to the most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a metabolic disorder that prevents their cells from efficiently breaking down glucose. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is correct and helps explain why sweating cools the body?

Accepted Answer

Water's hydrogen bonds must be broken for evaporation, absorbing heat from the body.

Question 4

A scientist discovers a new organism with cells that have a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which domain and kingdom does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Plantae

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the backbone of biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for diverse and stable structures.

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and what process caused this?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; osmosis

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 8

Which macromolecule is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids: store genetic information

Question 9

A person is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which type of macromolecule is lactase, and what is its role?

Accepted Answer

Lactase is a protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up the breakdown of lactose.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 11

A red blood cell is placed in a 0.9% NaCl solution and remains unchanged. What does this indicate about the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is isotonic to the cell.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property in biology?

Accepted Answer

A heart pumping blood, which cannot be performed by individual heart cells alone

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme's active site matches only certain substrates.

Question 14

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows one way, entering as sunlight and exiting as heat.

Question 18

A person is running a marathon and their muscles begin to fatigue due to lack of oxygen. Which process is now providing most of the ATP to their muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are well-suited to form cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form a bilayer in water.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular work.

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