$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which polysaccharide is most abundant in plant cell walls and is composed of β-glucose linkages?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 2

Aspartic acid contains a side chain with which chemical group, and what is its charge at physiological pH?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group, negatively charged

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

A mutation disrupts the function of gap junctions in animal cells. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Communication between cells

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from engulfed prokaryotes

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a steroid?

Accepted Answer

Histidine

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the dehydration reaction for forming a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{Fructose} \rightarrow \mathrm{Sucrose} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 8

Which DNA base pair has the highest number of hydrogen bonds, and how many does it have?

Accepted Answer

G-C; 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink

Question 10

Which process increases the surface area of eukaryotic cells, aiding in absorption and secretion?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of allosteric inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A molecule binds to a site other than the active site, changing enzyme shape and reducing activity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the second law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Entropy (disorder) increases in spontaneous processes

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion

Question 14

Which of the following statements about cooperative binding is correct?

Accepted Answer

Binding of one substrate increases affinity for others

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is NOT found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the fluidity of cell membranes at high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Membrane fluidity increases

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules

General Biology Review Sheet: Key Concepts and Definitions

Study Guide - Practice Questions