Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why carbon is considered the backbone of most organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable structures.

Question 2

A molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 3

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They are major components of cell membranes.

Question 6

A peptide bond is formed between which two functional groups of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 7

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 8

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the base thymine, while RNA contains uracil instead.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that removes a water molecule to link two monomers together.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 11

A scientist is studying a molecule that is hydrophobic, contains mostly carbon and hydrogen, and is used for long-term energy storage in animals. Which class of biological molecule is she most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered more harmful than saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats are associated with a greater health risk, including increased risk of heart disease, compared to saturated fats.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of two or more polypeptide chains to form a functional protein.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Question 17

A mutation in the gene encoding the enzyme lactase leads to lactose intolerance in adults. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The mutation prevents the production of lactase, so lactose cannot be broken down into glucose and galactose.

Question 18

Which of the following functional groups is hydrophilic and commonly found in sugars?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($-OH$)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are large molecules made by joining many monomers together.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about isomers?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures.

General Biology: Structure and Function of Biological Molecules

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