Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and a hydrolysis reaction in the context of ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions build polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis reactions break polymers by adding water; ATP is produced during hydrolysis of ATP to ADP.

Question 2

Which of the following is a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules via a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Maltose

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous solution of pure water by mistake. What will most likely happen to their red blood cells, and why?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst because water will enter the cells by osmosis (hypotonic solution).

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid bilayer in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face outward toward water, hydrophobic tails face inward away from water.

Question 5

Which of the following nucleotides is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence for a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

$5'	ext{-}ATCGGTA	ext{-}3'$

Question 7

Which of the following organelles is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 8

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a membrane protein, without energy input.

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell. Which type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 10

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water from low to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride ($\mathrm{NaCl}$) is used as the standard solute in osmosis experiments?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{NaCl}$ is a common ionic compound that dissociates in water, affecting osmotic balance.

Question 12

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell wall (plasmolysis).

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump ($\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$-ATPase) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to pump sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining electrochemical gradients.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis is the uptake of large particles or cells, while pinocytosis is the uptake of fluids and dissolved substances.

Question 16

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They act as channels and carriers to facilitate the movement of specific molecules across the membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct complementary base pairing for a DNA strand with the sequence $5'	ext{-}ATCG	ext{-}3'$?

Accepted Answer

$3'	ext{-}TAGC	ext{-}5'$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not formed by dehydration synthesis of monomers.

Question 20

A scientist observes that a cell is engulfing a bacterium. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

General Biology Study Guide: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, and Membrane Transport

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