Question 1

Which of the following best explains why most cells are small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of nutrients and waste.

Question 2

Which principle is NOT part of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with no true nucleus and a relatively simple internal structure. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for forming the cleavage furrow during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 5

A patient with Alzheimer's disease is found to have large tangles of Tau protein in their neurons. Which cytoskeletal component does Tau normally stabilize?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the cytosol in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Site of glycolysis

Question 7

A child is diagnosed with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, which is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene. This gene codes for a protein that is a major component of which cytoskeletal structure?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments (nuclear lamina)

Question 8

Which motor protein is associated with microfilaments and is responsible for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 9

During cell division, which cytoskeletal component organizes the movement of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of intermediate filaments?

Accepted Answer

Stretchy proteins that anchor the nucleus and organelles, providing stability

Question 11

If a cell's surface area is $126\ \mu m^2$ and its volume is $42\ \mu m^3$, what is its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$3$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have compartmentalized organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal component is most dynamic and is involved in both cell shape maintenance and intracellular transport?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 14

A mutation in a heart muscle protein prevents it from interacting with myosin, leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Which cytoskeletal component is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 16

Which motor proteins are associated with microtubules and are responsible for moving vesicles within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Kinesin and dynein

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It encloses the cell and separates it from its environment.

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal component forms the internal structure of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of microfilaments?

Accepted Answer

They are very dynamic and involved in cell motility and contraction.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world application of understanding the cytoskeleton in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Targeting microtubules in cancer therapy to disrupt cell division

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Cytoskeleton, and Study Strategies

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