Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the fluidity of biological membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Membrane fluidity increases as the proportion of unsaturated hydrocarbon tails increases.

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

A hypotonic solution

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of free energy change ($\Delta G$) in a system?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

Using the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to drive an endergonic reaction

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy ($E_a$) required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 8

A patient is given a drug that acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme. Which of the following best describes how this drug works?

Accepted Answer

It binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules (phosphorylation).

Question 11

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires specific transport proteins but does not require energy input.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the lysosome?

Accepted Answer

It contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules and damaged organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a second messenger in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of 'Reception' in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

A signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein, causing the receptor to change shape.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins span the lipid bilayer, while peripheral proteins are loosely attached to the membrane surface.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate more snugly upon binding.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of most ATP production through cellular respiration.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why active transport is required for certain molecules?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, which requires energy input.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, enables cell movement, and assists in intracellular transport.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of phosphorylation in signal transduction pathways?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation activates or deactivates proteins, propagating the signal within the cell.

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Membrane Function, Metabolism, and Cell Communication

Study Guide - Practice Questions