Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between homology and analogy in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

Homology refers to traits inherited from a common ancestor, while analogy refers to traits that arise due to similar environmental pressures.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 3

A scientist is constructing a phylogenetic tree and marks a branch point. What does this branch point represent?

Accepted Answer

The most recent common ancestor of the lineages diverging from that point.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the binomial nomenclature for a species?

Accepted Answer

$Genus \ species$

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A group containing all birds and their most recent common ancestor.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why protists are considered polyphyletic?

Accepted Answer

Protists include organisms from multiple evolutionary lineages that do not share a recent common ancestor.

Question 8

Which process is described by the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Accepted Answer

The origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotes.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a beneficial use of bacteria in human society?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation in agriculture.

Question 10

A bacterial cell is Gram-negative. Which of the following is TRUE about its cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It has a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of symbiosis in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Symbiosis refers to any close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, which can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the biological hierarchy from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

Domain $\rightarrow$ Kingdom $\rightarrow$ Phylum $\rightarrow$ Class $\rightarrow$ Order $\rightarrow$ Family $\rightarrow$ Genus $\rightarrow$ Species

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

The development of wings in bats and birds.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about energy acquisition in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes can acquire energy through photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, and heterotrophy.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a protist acting as a symbiont?

Accepted Answer

Dinoflagellates living inside coral and providing them with nutrients via photosynthesis.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct application of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, and analyzing results.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of genetic recombination in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation, where DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another via a pilus.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the ecological significance of protists?

Accepted Answer

Protists play key roles as primary producers and decomposers in aquatic ecosystems.

Question 20

A student observes a diagram showing a group that includes some, but not all, descendants of a common ancestor. What type of group is this?

Accepted Answer

Paraphyletic

General Biology Study Guide: Chapters 1, 26, 27, 28

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards