Question 1

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy within an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy enters as sunlight and is eventually lost as heat.

Question 2

Which of the following is a property of water that results from hydrogen bonding and is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

Water exhibits cohesion, allowing for surface tension.

Question 3

A scientist observes that a certain enzyme speeds up a reaction in the lab. Which step of the scientific method is the scientist performing?

Accepted Answer

Making an observation

Question 4

Which of the following best distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of active transport across a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump moving ions against their concentration gradients

Question 6

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 7

Which process in photosynthesis directly produces ATP and NADPH?

Accepted Answer

Light-dependent reactions

Question 8

A cell is observed to be in a phase where chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell. Which phase of mitosis is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

Which of the following events increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 10

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation from a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 11

A human female with Turner syndrome has which of the following chromosomal constitutions?

Accepted Answer

XO

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of stem cells that makes them valuable for medical applications?

Accepted Answer

They can differentiate into various specialized cell types.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack cellular structure and require a host to replicate.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.

Question 17

A mutation in the gene encoding for the enzyme responsible for adding RNA primers during DNA replication would most directly affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of DNA synthesis

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct product of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 19

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 20

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is primarily responsible for ensuring that DNA has been accurately replicated before cell division proceeds?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

General Biology Study Guide: Chapters 1–17

Study Guide - Practice Questions