Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

Which variable in a scientific experiment is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on another variable?

Accepted Answer

Independent variable

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of pH on enzyme activity. If the enzyme works best at pH 7, what happens to its activity at pH 3 and pH 11?

Accepted Answer

Activity decreases at both pH 3 and pH 11.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a triglyceride molecule?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol backbone

Question 6

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about water is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high specific heat due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Energy production through cellular respiration

Question 13

A mutation changes the sequence of bases in a gene. Which process is most directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its building blocks?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids: nucleotides

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct structural formula for glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 20

A researcher wants to test the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in plants. Which of the following is the best way to design this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Vary temperature while keeping all other variables constant.

General Biology Study Guide: Core Concepts and Skills

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