Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy due to position or structure.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 3

A reaction has a negative $$\Delta G. $$What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and releases energy.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, blocking substrate binding, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind elsewhere, changing enzyme shape.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an oxidation reaction in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose losing electrons to form pyruvate during glycolysis

Question 7

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Krebs Cycle → Electron Transport Chain

Question 9

In the Krebs Cycle, which of the following is NOT a product per turn of the cycle?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 10

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation only partially oxidizes glucose, resulting in less ATP production.

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 13

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 14

What is the main function of the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To fix carbon dioxide and produce sugars

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between C$$_3$$ and C$$_4$$ photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

C$$_3$$ plants use only the Calvin Cycle, while C$$_4$$ plants use an additional carbon fixation step to minimize photorespiration.

Question 16

How many turns of the Calvin Cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 17

Which of the following statements about ATP synthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase uses the energy of a proton gradient to convert ADP and Pi into ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They act as electron carriers, donating electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between the products of photosynthesis in chloroplasts and the products of cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces glucose and O$$_2$$, while cellular respiration produces CO$$_2$$ and H$$_2O.$$

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the electron transport chain. Which of the following would most likely be observed in this patient’s cells?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ATP production and increased reliance on fermentation

General Biology Study Guide: Energy, Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis (Chapters 6-8)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards