Q: A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is $p = 0.7$ and the frequency of g is $q = 0.3$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'relative fitness' in the context of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of an individual's genes in the next generation compared to others in the population.

Question 2

A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is $p = 0.7$ and the frequency of g is $q = 0.3$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$

Question 3

Which scenario best illustrates stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of plants where intermediate height is favored, and both short and tall plants are selected against.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

High rate of gene flow

Question 5

A population of 1000 individuals experiences a sudden reduction to 50 individuals due to a natural disaster. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Population bottleneck

Question 6

Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

The heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygotes.

Question 7

In a certain species, males with the brightest coloration attract more mates, but also suffer higher predation. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Sexual selection and a potential handicap hypothesis

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Individuals from one population migrate and breed with another population, introducing new alleles.

Question 9

A population of flowers shows a continuous range of petal lengths. This trait is most likely controlled by:

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes with additive effects (quantitative trait)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals colonizes a new area, leading to reduced genetic diversity.

Question 11

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Allele and genotype frequencies are changing due to evolutionary forces.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans breeding dogs for specific traits such as size or coat color.

Question 13

A population of lizards has a fixed allele for green coloration. What does 'fixed allele' mean in this context?

Accepted Answer

The allele is the only variant present in the population.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of co-dominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with AB blood type expressing both A and B antigens equally.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies due to random chance, especially in small populations.

Question 16

In a population, the genotype frequencies are: $AA = 0.36$, $Aa = 0.48$, $aa = 0.16$. What are the allele frequencies of $A$ and $a$?

Accepted Answer

$A = 0.6$, $a = 0.4$

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection?

Accepted Answer

Both very small and very large fish survive better than medium-sized fish.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct benefit of intersexual selection?

Accepted Answer

Females choose males that provide more food or better territory.

Question 19

A population of birds is isolated on an island. Over time, the population becomes less genetically diverse and more susceptible to disease. Which process is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift and inbreeding depression

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a heterozygote advantage?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygotes have higher fitness than either homozygote.

General Biology Study Guide: Evolution, Genetics, and Population Biology

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