Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $[H^+]$ in this solution?

Accepted Answer

$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice has a lower density than liquid water because its molecules form a crystalline lattice.

Question 5

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($-COOH$)

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration/condensation reaction

Question 8

A buffer solution contains a weak acid and its conjugate base. What is the primary function of this buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a stable pH when acids or bases are added

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of a hydrophobic substance?

Accepted Answer

Olive oil

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to surround and separate ions.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the emergent properties of water that are critical for life?

Accepted Answer

Water has high specific heat, cohesion, adhesion, and is an excellent solvent.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct representation of the relationship between pH and $[H^+]$?

Accepted Answer

$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of negative feedback regulation in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels rise, triggering insulin release, which lowers blood glucose.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration (condensation) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing water.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why salt ($NaCl$) dissolves readily in water?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to surround and stabilize the ions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix with complementary and antiparallel strands.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis, meaning their blood pH is below normal. Which of the following would be an appropriate physiological response to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Activate buffer systems to remove excess $H^+$ ions.

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations and Chemistry of Life

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