Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the rate of diffusion ($R$) given the surface area ($A$), concentration difference ($\Delta C$), and distance ($d$)?

$R = \frac{A \times \Delta C}{d}$

Question 1

Which step of the Scientific Method involves forming a testable explanation for an observed phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Formulating a hypothesis

Question 2

A scientist observes that plants grow faster under blue light than red light. She predicts that blue light increases photosynthesis rates. Which type of reasoning is she using?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Question 3

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element.

Question 4

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 5

Carbon-14 and Carbon-12 are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Isotopes

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

What is the molecular formula for water?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 9

Which macromolecule is composed of amino acid monomers?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 10

Which type of reaction joins two monomers together and releases water as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 11

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 12

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' due to its role in energy production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the rate of diffusion ($R$) given the surface area ($A$), concentration difference ($\Delta C$), and distance ($d$)?

Accepted Answer

$R = \frac{A 	imes \Delta C}{d}$

Question 15

Which statement best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein

Question 16

Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed?

Accepted Answer

First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 17

During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy to its surroundings

Question 19

A sodium-potassium pump moves $\mathrm{Na^+}$ out of the cell and $\mathrm{K^+}$ into the cell. What type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

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