Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. Which step of the scientific method is she demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Conducting a controlled experiment

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to move voluntarily

Question 4

Which of the following statements about protons, neutrons, and electrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons orbit the nucleus.

Question 5

An atom has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve other polar and ionic substances.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$

Question 8

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 10

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate and maintain stable temperatures in organisms?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis, meaning their blood pH is below normal. Which of the following would best help restore their pH to normal?

Accepted Answer

A buffer system that absorbs excess $H^+$ ions

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about isomers?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Question 13

Which of the following functional groups is found in amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($-NH_2$)

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the backbone of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a variety of stable structures.

Question 15

A molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between structural and molecular formulas?

Accepted Answer

Molecular formulas show the types and numbers of atoms, while structural formulas show the arrangement of atoms.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

The cohesion of water molecules that allows insects to walk on water

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why oil does not mix with water?

Accepted Answer

Oil is hydrophobic and nonpolar, while water is polar.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct comparison between discovery-based science and hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

Discovery-based science involves collecting data without a specific hypothesis, while hypothesis testing involves making predictions and testing them.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers help maintain a stable pH by absorbing or releasing $H^+$ ions as needed.

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Water

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