Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A possible explanation for an observation that must be testable and falsifiable.

Question 2

A researcher wants to test if a new drug reduces blood pressure. She gives the drug to one group and a placebo to another, ensuring neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives which. What type of experiment is this?

Accepted Answer

Double blind controlled experiment

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a correlation, not causation?

Accepted Answer

Ice cream sales increase as drowning deaths increase during summer.

Question 4

Which property is NOT a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to dissolve in water

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule ($\mathrm{H_2O}$)

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 4. Compared to a solution with pH 7, how many times higher is the concentration of $\mathrm{H^+}$ ions?

Accepted Answer

$10^3$ times higher

Question 8

Which macromolecule is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Proteins: catalyze chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for aerobic respiration and ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What type of solution is the cell in, and what process caused this?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; water entered the cell by osmosis

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are reusable?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are not consumed in the reaction and retain their structure after catalysis.

Question 12

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the enzyme's active site, blocking substrate access.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it essential for life?

Accepted Answer

It is a universal solvent, allowing many substances to dissolve.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Transport proteins help large or charged molecules move across the membrane down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; energy storage in animals

Question 16

A scientist finds that the difference in results between two groups is statistically significant. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The difference is unlikely to be due to chance alone.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why antioxidants are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They donate electrons to neutralize free radicals, preventing cell damage.

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

If an enzyme's optimal pH is 7, what is most likely to happen if the pH drops to 3?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme will denature and lose its function.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the structure of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone and base pairs held together by hydrogen bonds.

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, Cells, and Enzymes

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