Question 1

Which of the following experiments provided strong evidence against the theory of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the five criteria used to define if something is alive?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 3

What is the correct sequence of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Accepted Answer

$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

A scientist wants to track the movement of carbon atoms through photosynthesis. Which isotope would be most useful for this experiment?

Accepted Answer

$^{14}C$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about water is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water exhibits cohesion due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a dehydration (condensation) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that forms polymers from monomers by removing water

Question 8

Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 9

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 10

Which of the following bonds is formed during the polymerization of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 11

Which scientist is credited with discovering cells by observing cork under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the three-domain system of classification?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and eukarya share more similarities than archaea and bacteria.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a non-polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Bond between two hydrogen atoms ($H_2$)

Question 14

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell anemia occurs?

Accepted Answer

A mutation causes a change in the primary structure of hemoglobin.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about semi-conservative replication of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of molecular chaperones?

Accepted Answer

Assist in the proper folding of proteins

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polypeptide and a protein?

Accepted Answer

A protein is a folded, functional polypeptide, while a polypeptide is an unfolded chain of amino acids.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the synthesis of a protein from a gene?

Accepted Answer

Transcription produces mRNA from DNA, and translation synthesizes protein from mRNA.

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, Macromolecules, and Nucleic Acids

Study Guide - Practice Questions