Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biology?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises only when individual components interact in a system, such as consciousness in the human brain.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The type of fertilizer used.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about scientific hypotheses is correct?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable.

Question 4

Which subatomic particle has no charge and only contributes to the mass of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Neutron

Question 5

How many neutrons are present in a carbon atom with a mass number of 12?

Accepted Answer

$6$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and can form hydrogen bonds with many substances.

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 4. Compared to a solution with pH 7, how much greater is the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$10^3$ times greater

Question 8

Which chemical bond is the weakest and requires the least amount of energy to break?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 9

Which of the following is a trace element essential for life and often added to table salt to prevent thyroid problems?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain a stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{COOH}$

Question 12

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 13

Which process joins monomers together to form polymers, producing water as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 14

Which carbohydrate is found in plant cell walls and provides structural support?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 15

Which part of a phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid tails

Question 16

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a single amino acid change in which protein?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why carbon can form such a wide variety of molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 18

Which molecule is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 19

A chemical reaction that requires energy input to produce products is called:

Accepted Answer

Endergonic

Question 20

Which of the following is a polymer of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Protein

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Biomolecules

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