Accepting or releasing H\textsuperscript{+} ions to keep the pH nearly constant.

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven characteristics of life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 2

Homeostasis is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Question 3

Which of the following domains contains organisms with cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 4

Which statement best explains why DNA is considered the 'blueprint of life'?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the genetic information for all living things and directs development, function, and reproduction.

Question 5

Natural selection leads to evolution because:

Accepted Answer

Organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their traits.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a biological isotope?

Accepted Answer

Carbon-12 and Carbon-14

Question 7

Why is water called a 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Because its polar molecules allow it to dissolve a wide variety of substances.

Question 8

A buffer in the human body helps maintain pH by:

Accepted Answer

Accepting or releasing H	extsuperscript{+} ions to keep the pH nearly constant.

Question 9

Which macromolecule contains genetic information?

Accepted Answer

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 11

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria, because they generate energy in the form of ATP

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A repeated folding pattern stabilized by hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in plants?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 14

Which of the following is true about saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why compartmentalization is important in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It improves the efficiency of cellular functions and prevents dangerous molecules from roaming freely.

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration $[H^+]$?

Accepted Answer

$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a protein and its function?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme - catalyzes chemical reactions

Question 19

Which organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes, and why is this significant?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria; it allows them to produce some essential proteins independently

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of homeostasis in humans?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry, Biological Molecules, and Cell Structure

Study Guide - Practice Questions