Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable and falsifiable explanation for an observed phenomenon.

Question 2

A researcher wants to test whether vitamin C reduces the duration of colds. She gives vitamin C supplements to one group and a placebo to another, ensuring both groups are similar in age and health. What type of experiment is this?

Accepted Answer

Controlled experiment

Question 3

Which property is NOT a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to form covalent bonds

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the difference between correlation and causation?

Accepted Answer

Correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, but does not prove that one causes the other.

Question 5

Which of the following molecules is held together primarily by covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$)

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution with a much higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for aerobic respiration and ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are reusable and are not consumed during the reaction.

Question 9

Which factor would most likely cause an enzyme to denature and lose its function?

Accepted Answer

Extreme changes in temperature or pH

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Provide energy and structural support

Question 11

A scientist wants to determine if a new drug reduces blood pressure. She randomly assigns participants to receive either the drug or a placebo, and neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives which treatment. What is this experimental design called?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind controlled experiment

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E in cells?

Accepted Answer

They donate electrons to neutralize free radicals, preventing cell damage.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

Universal solvent

Question 14

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 15

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Transport proteins help move large or charged molecules across the membrane down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

A student claims that eating ice cream causes drowning deaths because both increase in summer. What is the flaw in this reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Correlation does not imply causation; both may be related to a third factor (season).

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about statistical significance in scientific studies?

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance means the results are unlikely due to chance.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the lock-and-key model of enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

The substrate fits into the enzyme's active site due to its specific shape, allowing the reaction to occur.

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry, Cells, and Enzymes

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