Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of 'Unity and Diversity' in biology?

Accepted Answer

Living organisms are unified by common features such as cells and DNA, but display diversity through adaptations to different environments.

Question 2

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. Which of the following is the best example of a dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The height of the plants measured after two weeks.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the type of chemical bond with its relative strength in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds are generally stronger than hydrogen and ionic bonds.

Question 4

Given the atomic number ($$Z) $$and mass number ($$A) of an $$element, which equation correctly determines the number of neutrons ($$N) in $$the atom?

Accepted Answer

$$N = A - Z$$

Question 5

Which property of water is primarily responsible for the ability of insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension

Question 6

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a correct example of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid – monosaccharide

Question 8

Which process describes the breakdown of a polysaccharide into monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 9

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional structure. Which type of bond is most likely disrupted first?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size?

Accepted Answer

As cells grow, their volume increases faster than their surface area, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

Question 11

Which cell structure is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the Law of Conservation of Matter is correct?

Accepted Answer

Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores genetic information, while RNA helps in protein synthesis.

Question 15

Which of the following molecules is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride

Question 16

A solution has a pH of 2. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a functional group and its effect on a molecule?

Accepted Answer

A hydroxyl group makes a molecule more polar and hydrophilic.

Question 18

Which of the following cell components is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of dehydration synthesis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

It forms polymers from monomers by removing water.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds and are typically solid at room temperature.

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations of Life, Chemistry, Biomolecules, and Cell Structure

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