Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation among gametes

Question 3

A DNA sequence of AGT is transcribed into which RNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{UCA}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

Ribose is found in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA

Question 5

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents ($$Tt 	imes Tt$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring if $$T is $$dominant to $$t$$?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cancer can develop in a cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell cycle checkpoints in G1 and G2 fail, allowing uncontrolled cell division

Question 7

What is the principle of independent assortment as described by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a semi-conservative process where each daughter DNA has one old and one new strand

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase III

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between anaphase in mitosis and anaphase I in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

In mitosis, sister chromatids separate; in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate

Question 11

Which scientist(s) are credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

James Watson and Francis Crick, with contributions from Rosalind Franklin

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugars

Question 13

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 14

A person with genotype $$Aa is $$considered:

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct application of Mendel's laws in modern biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Predicting inheritance patterns in genetically modified crops

Question 16

Which event during meiosis is primarily responsible for the genetic diversity of gametes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 17

If a true-breeding dominant plant ($$TT) is $$crossed with a true-breeding recessive plant ($$tt$$), what will be the genotype of all F1 offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$Tt$$

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Ligase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of mitosis in an organism's life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA polymerase I during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing the leading strand continuously

General Biology Study Guide: Genetics, Cell Cycle, DNA, and Cell Division

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