Q: Which equation correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid bilayer in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face outward toward water; hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water exits.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 4

Which factor would most directly increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the surface area of the membrane.

Question 5

Why do large plant cells often contain large vacuoles?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the active volume and make transport less demanding.

Question 6

Which statement best explains why water can rapidly move across plant cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Water moves through aquaporins, which are water-specific channels.

Question 7

A scientist observes that a plant cell is not undergoing net movement of water, but water molecules are still moving in both directions. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Question 8

Which of the following is a consequence of decreasing the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) as a cell increases in size?

Accepted Answer

Transport of materials becomes less efficient.

Question 9

Which process uses energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the cell's electrochemical gradient and resting potential.

Question 11

Which statement best describes the difference between symporters and antiporters in secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Symporters move molecules in the same direction; antiporters move molecules in opposite directions.

Question 12

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have circular DNA and divide by fission.

Question 13

Which group of protists is a major primary producer in aquatic ecosystems and regulates the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Diatoms

Question 14

Which plant adaptation is most important for preventing water loss in terrestrial environments?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Question 15

In the alternation of generations life cycle, what is the relationship between the sporophyte and gametophyte in seed plants?

Accepted Answer

Sporophyte is dominant; gametophyte is reduced and dependent.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why leaves have a high surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

To maximize absorption of light, CO$_2$, and water for photosynthesis.

Question 17

Which cell structure is responsible for connecting adjacent plant cells and allowing the transport of water, ions, and signaling molecules between them?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 18

A plant cell is observed to have a thick, rigid cell wall with high lignin content. What type of cell wall is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary cell wall

Question 19

Which organelle stores starch produced during photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Amyloplast

Question 20

Which process in the carbon cycle releases CO$_2$ back into the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Respiration

General Biology Study Guide: Membranes, Protists, Plants, and Plant Structure

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