Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atoms, molecules, and macromolecules in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Atoms combine to form molecules, which then interact to form macromolecules essential for life.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order of levels of organization in living systems, from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom $$\rightarrow$$ molecule $$\rightarrow$$ cell $$\rightarrow$$ tissue $$\rightarrow$$ organ $$\rightarrow$$ organism $$\rightarrow$$ population $$\rightarrow$$ ecosystem $$\rightarrow$$ biosphere

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which variable should be considered the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in a partial positive charge on hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen.

Question 5

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

Question 6

A buffer system in blood helps maintain pH by:

Accepted Answer

Absorbing excess hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H^+}) or $$hydroxide ions ($$\mathrm{OH^-}) to $$prevent drastic changes in pH.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids, releasing $$\mathrm{H_2O}.$$

Question 8

Which functional group is characteristic of alcohols?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-\mathrm{OH})$$

Question 9

A triglyceride is formed from which combination of molecules?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 10

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 12

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes (proteins)

Question 13

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme's active site matches the shape of its substrate.

Question 15

If the pH of a solution changes from 5 to 3, how does the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H^+}) $$change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by 100 times.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a polysaccharide into monosaccharides by adding water.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 18

A student observes that the average distance between slugs in a plot increases during the day and decreases at night. Which hypothesis best explains this pattern?

Accepted Answer

Slugs are more active and spread out during the day to avoid competition for resources.

Question 19

Bromelain is an enzyme found in pineapple that breaks down proteins. If bromelain is used on a fruit with a pH of 11, what is the most likely effect on its activity?

Accepted Answer

Bromelain activity will decrease because the pH is outside its optimal range.

General Biology Study Guide: Organization, Chemistry, Macromolecules, and Experimental Design

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