$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 18 \mathrm{ATP} + 12 \mathrm{NADPH} \rightarrow 1 \text{glucose}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of water in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Water is split to provide electrons to Photosystem II and releases oxygen as a byproduct.

Question 2

A plant is exposed to only green light. What is the most likely effect on its rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis rate will decrease because chlorophyll reflects green light.

Question 3

During the Calvin Cycle, which molecule is directly used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the net inputs and outputs required to synthesize one molecule of glucose via the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 18 \mathrm{ATP} + 12 \mathrm{NADPH} ightarrow 1 	ext{glucose}$$

Question 5

Which of the following would most likely increase membrane fluidity in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 8

Which type of cell signaling involves direct physical contact between cells?

Accepted Answer

Juxtacrine signaling

Question 9

What is the primary function of second messengers such as cAMP and IP$$_3 in $$cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

They amplify the signal and spread it throughout the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the Ras protein in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Ras activates a cascade that leads to cell division via the MAPK pathway.

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 12

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that the cell is committed to divide?

Accepted Answer

G$$_1$$ restriction point

Question 13

Which of the following events occurs during Anaphase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes separate.

Question 14

Which process during meiosis is primarily responsible for genetic diversity among gametes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 15

A cell fails to separate homologous chromosomes during Anaphase I. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The resulting gametes may have an abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidy).

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells often avoid apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

They have mutations in tumor suppressor genes that prevent programmed cell death.

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct effect of a mutated proto-oncogene?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division due to growth signals always being ON

Question 18

Which treatment for cancer specifically targets rapidly dividing cells by damaging their DNA?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis causes cell swelling and bursting, while apoptosis leads to controlled cell fragmentation.

Question 20

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment during Metaphase I

General Biology Study Guide: Photosynthesis, Cell Membranes, Cell Signaling, Cell Division, Mitosis & Meiosis, and Cancer

Study Guide - Practice Questions