Q: Which equation correctly represents the summary of cellular respiration?

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is a dynamic structure with proteins and lipids that can move laterally within the bilayer.

Question 2

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse through the cell membrane without the aid of transport proteins?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$)

Question 3

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein, without energy input.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the summary of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 6

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 7

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$)

Question 8

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$)

Question 9

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase.

Question 11

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 12

If a diploid cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 13

Which event during meiosis increases genetic variability among offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 14

Which of the following is true about active transport?

Accepted Answer

It requires energy, often in the form of ATP, to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following equations represents the summary of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2}$

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the production of lactic acid in muscle cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique shapes that fit specific substrates.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the electromagnetic spectrum and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll absorbs mostly red and blue wavelengths, reflecting green.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between kinetic and potential energy in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in chemical bonds and can be converted to kinetic energy during cellular processes.

General Biology Study Guide: The Working Cell, Cellular Respiration & Fermentation, Photosynthesis, and Cell Cycle & Division

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