Q: A population of 1000 individuals has the following genotype frequencies: 490 AA, 420 Aa, and 90 aa. What is the frequency of the 'A' allele?

$$f(A) = \frac{2 \times 490 + 420}{2 \times 1000} = 0.7$$

Question 1

During transcription in eukaryotes, which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the role of RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 5' to 3' direction without the need for a primer.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between the coding strand and the template strand during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The coding strand has the same sequence as the mRNA except T is replaced by U.

Question 3

A mutation causes a prokaryotic cell to lack a functional sigma factor. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to initiate transcription at the correct sites.

Question 4

Which of the following events occurs during the elongation phase of translation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond forms between the amino acid in the P site and the amino acid in the A site.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

There is a small population size.

Question 6

A population of beetles is exposed to a new pesticide. Over several generations, the frequency of an allele conferring resistance increases. Which evolutionary process is primarily responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of plants with intermediate height survives better than those that are very short or very tall.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of postzygotic isolation?

Accepted Answer

A horse and a donkey mate to produce a sterile mule.

Question 9

Which of the following equations represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

$$p + q = 1$$

Question 10

A population of 1000 individuals has the following genotype frequencies: 490 AA, 420 Aa, and 90 aa. What is the frequency of the 'A' allele?

Accepted Answer

$$f(A) = \frac{2 	imes 490 + 420}{2 	imes 1000} = 0.7$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Wolves from one pack migrate and breed with wolves from another pack.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals establishes a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of commensalism?

Accepted Answer

A remora fish attaches to a shark and feeds on leftover scraps without affecting the shark.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation involves geographic separation, while sympatric speciation occurs without physical barriers.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

A species whose removal causes a dramatic shift in community structure.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of frequency-dependent selection?

Accepted Answer

A rare flower color is favored because pollinators avoid common colors.

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a bottleneck event?

Accepted Answer

A population with reduced genetic variation due to a drastic reduction in size.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

Species are defined by their ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection?

Accepted Answer

Both very large and very small beak sizes are favored over intermediate sizes in a bird population.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches its anticodon to the mRNA codon.

General Biology Study Guide: Transcription, Translation, Evolution, and Ecology

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