Question 1

During transcription in eukaryotes, which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the role of RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 5' to 3' direction without the need for a primer.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between the coding strand and the template strand during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The coding strand has the same sequence as the mRNA except that T replaces U.

Question 3

A mutation occurs that prevents the formation of a sigma factor in a prokaryote. What is the most likely immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase will not be able to bind to the promoter, inhibiting transcription initiation.

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the bottleneck effect can reduce genetic diversity in a population?

Accepted Answer

It causes a sudden reduction in population size, leading to loss of alleles by chance.

Question 6

A population of beetles is split by a river, and over time, the two groups evolve into separate species. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

High mutation rate

Question 8

If $$p is $$the frequency of allele A and $$q is $$the frequency of allele a in a population, which equation represents the expected genotype frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq$$

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of postzygotic isolation?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility

Question 10

Which of the following best describes stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

It favors individuals with intermediate phenotypes.

Question 11

A population of birds experiences a drought, and only those with larger beaks survive to reproduce. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of a vestigial trait in humans?

Accepted Answer

The appendix

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of a keystone species in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

It has a disproportionately large effect on community structure relative to its abundance.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of commensalism?

Accepted Answer

A remora fish attaching to a shark, gaining transportation while the shark is unaffected

Question 15

Which of the following processes increases genetic diversity in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes gene flow?

Accepted Answer

The movement of alleles between populations

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection leads to adaptations that increase fitness.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of frequency-dependent selection?

Accepted Answer

A rare flower color is favored because pollinators avoid common colors.

Question 19

Which of the following is a possible outcome if gene flow between two populations is prevented for a long period?

Accepted Answer

The populations may diverge and form new species.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals establishes a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population.

General Biology Study Guide: Transcription, Translation, Evolution, Speciation, and Ecology

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