Question 1

Which part of an amino acid is primarily responsible for determining its chemical properties and reactivity?

Accepted Answer

The R group (side chain)

Question 2

Which level of protein structure is directly stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms, and what is a common example of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure; $\alpha$ helix

Question 3

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional shape but retains its primary sequence. What process has occurred, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein will lose its function

Question 4

Which of the following interactions is most likely to occur between nonpolar side chains in the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Van der Waals interactions

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polypeptide and a protein?

Accepted Answer

A polypeptide is a single chain of amino acids, while a protein may consist of one or more polypeptides folded into a functional shape

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 7

Which atoms are found in all carbohydrates, and what is their general ratio?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; 1:2:1

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct comparison between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are single sugar units, disaccharides are two sugars joined by a glycosidic bond, and polysaccharides are long chains of sugars

Question 9

Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in animals, and what is its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; glucose

Question 10

Cellulose and starch are both polymers of glucose. Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $\beta$-glycosidic bonds in cellulose

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches a lipid type with its function?

Accepted Answer

Triglyceride; long-term energy storage

Question 12

In a phospholipid bilayer, which part of the molecule faces the interior of the membrane and why?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic tails; because they avoid water

Question 13

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chain

Question 14

Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded

Question 16

Which sequence correctly represents the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered proteins with at least tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes require a specific three-dimensional shape to bind substrates and catalyze reactions

Question 18

Which of the following bonds is formed during dehydration synthesis between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a quaternary protein structure?

Accepted Answer

A hemoglobin molecule composed of multiple polypeptide subunits

Question 20

Which type of side chain would most likely interact via van der Waals forces in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar side chains

Lecture 6

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards