Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 2

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

Question 3

Which of the following statements about peptide bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds form between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing water

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water while their hydrophobic tails avoid water

Question 5

A scientist isolates a cell and observes that it contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and export of proteins

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a lysosomal storage disease. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of macromolecules and cellular waste

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why DNA is a more stable molecule for genetic information storage than RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA lacks a hydroxyl group at the 2' carbon, making it less susceptible to hydrolysis

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleic acid and its function?

Accepted Answer

mRNA: carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 13

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It maintains membrane fluidity at different temperatures

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 16

A researcher observes a cell with a thick peptidoglycan cell wall but no nucleus. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic bacterial cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein} $$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They cannot carry out metabolism or reproduce independently

Question 20

A mutation in a gene results in a protein that cannot fold into its correct tertiary structure. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The protein will lose its function due to improper folding

General Biology Study Notes: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, and Organelles

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