Q: Which of the following best explains why $$eta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages in cellulose are resistant to hydrolysis in the human digestive system?

Humans lack the enzymes required to break $$eta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds.

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why $$eta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages in cellulose are resistant to hydrolysis in the human digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes required to break $$eta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new polysaccharide in a plant cell wall. It is composed of glucose monomers joined by $$eta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages. Which polysaccharide is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 3

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are amphipathic, containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 4

Which factor would most likely increase the permeability of a lipid bilayer to small ions?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing cholesterol content in the membrane

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It is a passive process that uses channel or carrier proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They help cells recognize and communicate with each other.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the structure of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

They can vary in the location of the carbonyl group, number of carbon atoms, and spatial arrangement of atoms.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches a polysaccharide with its function?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen – energy storage in animals

Question 10

A patient is unable to digest starch due to a deficiency in a specific enzyme. Which enzyme is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ATP production from glucose is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the universal energy currency in cells, driving processes such as polymerization and muscle movement.

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane becomes more fluid and permeable.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about channel proteins in membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form pores that allow specific ions or molecules to diffuse down their electrochemical gradients.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the fluid-mosaic model of membranes?

Accepted Answer

It allows proteins to move laterally within the bilayer.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the movement of water across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from regions of low solute concentration to regions of high solute concentration by osmosis.

Question 17

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a triglyceride (fat)?

Accepted Answer

It consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule by ester linkages.

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely decrease the rate of diffusion of oxygen across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the number of saturated fatty acids in the membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump moving Na$$^+$$ out of and K$$^+$$ into animal cells using ATP

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are effective energy storage molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates have more energy than those in bonds because electrons in C-H and C-C bonds have higher potential energy.

General Biology Study Notes: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Membranes

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