$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following features is present in BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A plasma membrane

Question 2

According to the Cell Theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

Which structure is unique to plant cells and not found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 5

Which component of the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting tension?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 6

The Fluid Mosaic Model describes the plasma membrane as:

Accepted Answer

A dynamic bilayer of phospholipids with proteins floating within it

Question 7

Which of the following is a major component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 8

Which statement best describes the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and mediates cell signaling.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$

Question 11

Which statement best summarizes the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 12

In a metabolic pathway, which role do enzymes play?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy and speed up reactions.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A pathway that synthesizes complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 14

Which type of energy is stored in the chemical bonds of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy

Question 15

If a cell uses 100 molecules of ATP per second, how many molecules of ADP are produced per second?

Accepted Answer

100

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 18

Which statement about the ATP/ADP cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

ADP is converted to ATP by adding a phosphate group, storing energy.

Question 19

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, plasma membrane, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe.

General Biology Study Notes: Cell Structure, Membrane Function, and Metabolism

Study Guide - Practice Questions