Question 1

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a lattice that spaces water molecules farther apart, making ice less dense than liquid water.

Question 2

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 5$$

Question 3

Which property of water is primarily responsible for the ability of some insects to walk on water?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion due to hydrogen bonding

Question 4

Which of the following statements about carbon is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms.

Question 5

A molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$ is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The folding or coiling of the polypeptide backbone due to hydrogen bonding

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 8

Which of the following functional groups is non-polar and found in hydrocarbons?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group

Question 9

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange with heads facing water and tails facing inward.

Question 11

A student adds a base to a solution, causing the $$[H^+] to $$decrease from $$1 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$ M to 1$$ 	imes $$10^{-9} M. $$What happens to the pH?

Accepted Answer

The pH increases from 7 to 9.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of water that helps moderate Earth's climate?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high specific heat, allowing it to absorb and release large amounts of heat with little temperature change.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein

Question 14

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cells are small?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a larger surface area to volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, producing ATP from food molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic substances have an affinity for water due to their polar or charged nature, while hydrophobic substances do not interact with water because they are non-polar.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

General Biology Study Notes: Chemical Context of Life, Water, Carbon, Biological Molecules, and Cell Structure

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