Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biology?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system, such as consciousness in the brain.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain enzyme catalyzes a reaction faster at pH 7 than at pH 5 or pH 9. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme has an optimal pH at which its active site is most compatible with the substrate.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

The formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides with the release of $$H_2O.$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming bilayers in water.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in science?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a specific observation, while a theory is a broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of oxygen from high to low concentration.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of information flow in a cell according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{protein}$$

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of their cell membranes. Which macromolecule is most likely mutated?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs and poisons.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a protein into amino acids by adding water.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme's active site matches the shape of the substrate.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting macromolecules and recycling cellular components.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix composed of two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.

General Biology Study Notes: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, Cell Structure, and Membrane Transport

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