Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a phagocyte in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens.

Question 2

A patient is infected with a new strain of bacteria. Which part of the immune system will respond first?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why MRSA is a concern in hospitals?

Accepted Answer

It is a bacterium that is resistant to antibiotics.

Question 4

According to Mendel’s Law of Segregation, what happens to alleles during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Alleles separate into different gametes.

Question 5

A heterozygous individual for a trait has which genotype?

Accepted Answer

Two different alleles

Question 6

Which process describes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 7

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce more.

Question 9

Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 10

A frameshift mutation is most likely to result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An insertion or deletion of a base

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 12

Which immune cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cell

Question 13

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($$Tt 	imes Tt$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of dominant to recessive offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

MRSA surviving treatment with methicillin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that changes one amino acid

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription $$\rightarrow$$ Translation

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why variation is important in evolution?

Accepted Answer

It provides differences that natural selection can act upon.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

Activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond linking amino acids

Question 20

Which of the following is the best example of a selection pressure?

Accepted Answer

An environmental factor that affects survival

General Biology Study Notes: Genetics, Evolution, Immunity, and Molecular Biology

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