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General Biology Study Notes: Introduction to Life, Chemistry of Life, and the Cell

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Introduction to Biology

Characteristics of Life

Life's Organizational Hierarchy

Scientific Method

Experimental Design

Atoms- Smallest Unit of Matter

Isotopes

Introduction to Chemical Bonding

Covalent Bonds

Noncovalent Bonds

Ionic Bonding

Hydrogen Bonding

Introduction to Water

Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion

Acids and Bases

pH Scale

Carbon

Functional Groups

Introduction to Biomolecules

Monomers & Polymers

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Enzymes

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles

Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion

Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

Biological Membranes

Types of Membrane Proteins

Concentration Gradients and Diffusion

Introduction to Membrane Transport

Passive vs. Active Transport

Osmosis

Simple and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport

Endocytosis and Exocytosis