Q: Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection results in traits favored by the environment, while artificial selection results in traits favored by humans.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. She finds that the reaction rate increases with temperature up to a point, then sharply decreases. Which concept best explains the sharp decrease?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme denatures at high temperatures, losing its functional shape.

Question 4

Which of the following bonds is the strongest in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 5

A mutation changes a hydrophobic amino acid in a protein to a hydrophilic one. What is the most likely effect on the protein’s structure?

Accepted Answer

The protein may misfold or lose function due to altered interactions with water.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 8

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with shapes complementary to their substrates.

Question 11

Which of the following is a product of fermentation in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 13

Which of the following molecules is classified as a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 14

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 15

Which of the following is true about feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a peptide bond and a phosphodiester bond?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond links amino acids, while a phosphodiester bond links nucleotides.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the energy change ($\Delta G$) in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S$

Question 19

A competitive inhibitor affects enzyme activity by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydrogen bonds with polar and charged molecules.

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