$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10} [\text{H}^+]$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10} [	ext{H}^+]$$

Question 3

A radioactive isotope is useful in medicine because:

Accepted Answer

It emits energy that can be detected, allowing for imaging or treatment.

Question 4

Which of the following elements is most likely to form a cation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$	ext{Na})$$

Question 5

Which statement about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 6

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[	ext{H}^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by neutralizing acids and bases.

Question 8

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity, allowing it to moderate temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why sodium ($$	ext{Na}) $$and potassium ($$	ext{K}) $$are important in nerve function?

Accepted Answer

They are cations that help generate electrical signals across membranes.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 11

A molecule of $$	ext{CO}_2 is $$considered non-polar because:

Accepted Answer

Its linear shape causes the dipoles to cancel out.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A set of steps followed to answer questions and test hypotheses.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids donate $$	ext{H}^+$$ ions and bases accept $$	ext{H}^+$$ ions.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best example of a real-world application of the bicarbonate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood pH in humans.

Question 15

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are non-polar and do not mix with water.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the equilibrium constant for water?

Accepted Answer

$$K_w = [	ext{H}^+][	ext{OH}^-]$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

They have a full valence shell of electrons.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the relationship between atomic number and the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number increases from left to right across a period.

General Biology Study Notes: Taxonomy, Chemistry of Life, Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonds, Acids & Bases, and Buffers

Study Guide - Practice Questions