Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells must remain small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the movement of mitochondria in a living cell. Which type of microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Light microscope

Question 3

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for regulating what materials enter and exit the cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 4

If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 10, but the volume increases by a factor of 100, how does the surface area to volume ratio change?

Accepted Answer

It decreases by a factor of 10

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

Penicillin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria because it targets which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 7

Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' and is responsible for producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding their genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA not enclosed in a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have linear DNA within a nucleus.

Question 9

Which microscope would be best for visualizing the surface texture of a living white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscope

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for transport within or outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

A cell has a surface area of $$100 	ext{ \mu m}^2$$ and a volume of $$1000 	ext{ \mu m}^3. $$What is its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$0.1$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 13

Which structure is selectively permeable and separates the cell from its external environment?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 14

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for cellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and enables movement of organelles within the cell.

Question 16

Which type of microscope would you use to visualize the internal structure of dead organelles at very high resolution?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about antibiotics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics target structures unique to bacteria, such as cell walls and ribosomes, but do not affect human cells.

Question 18

Which organelle is found only in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes and transports proteins for secretion or use in the cell membrane.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

General Biology Study Notes: The Cell, Microscopy, and Cell Structure (Ch. 4, 24)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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