Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of phagocytic cells in the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

They engulf and destroy pathogens and debris at sites of infection.

Question 2

A patient receives a bone marrow transplant from a donor. Which immune system concept explains why the recipient may reject the transplant?

Accepted Answer

The recipient's immune system recognizes the donor's MHC proteins as foreign.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system during infection?

Accepted Answer

It returns fluid to the circulatory system and fights infection.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the relationship between antibody concentration ($$A) $$and time ($$t) $$during a secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

$$A = A_0$ e$$^{rt}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about clonal selection in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

It activates only lymphocytes with receptors complementary to the antigen.

Question 6

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why AIDS leaves the body defenseless?

Accepted Answer

AIDS virus attacks helper T cells, crippling both cell-mediated and humoral immunity.

Question 8

Which of the following is a direct result of histamine release during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Dilation of blood vessels, increasing permeability and allowing immune cells to access the site of injury.

Question 9

Which statement about monoclonal antibodies is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are identical antibodies produced by a single clone of cells, specific for a single antigen.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing infected cells.

Question 11

A person is exposed to the influenza virus and develops immunity. Later, they are exposed again and do not get sick. Which cells are primarily responsible for this rapid secondary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between cell-mediated and humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity involves cytotoxic T cells attacking infected cells, while humoral immunity involves antibodies targeting pathogens.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

The immune system attacks the body's own cells.

Question 14

Which equation best models the effect of herd immunity on the spread of infectious disease, where $$R_0 is $$the basic reproduction number and $$p is $$the proportion of immune individuals?

Accepted Answer

$$R = R_0$ (1 - p)$$

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?

Accepted Answer

MHC proteins help the immune system distinguish self from non-self.

Question 16

Which type of lymphocyte is primarily responsible for attacking virus-infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why allergies occur?

Accepted Answer

The immune system overreacts to harmless substances called allergens.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of helper T cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate B cells to produce antibodies.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of immune system malfunction due to stress?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of infection due to weakened immune response.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

Antigen-presenting cells display fragments of pathogens on their surface using MHC proteins.

General Biology: The Immune System (Chapter 24) Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards