Question 1

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

An experiment that compares results between a group with one variable changed and a group with no changes.

Question 2

Which statement correctly distinguishes a hypothesis from a theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theory is a well-supported explanation based on evidence.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 4

A scientist is studying the effect of fertilizer on plant growth. She measures the height of plants weekly and compares them to plants without fertilizer. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of fertilizer applied

Question 5

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 7

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with shapes that fit only specific substrates.

Question 13

A woman who is heterozygous for a dominant trait (Aa) and a man who is homozygous recessive (aa) have a child. What is the probability that the child will express the dominant trait?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expressing both A and B antigens.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packages and modifies proteins for transport.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → M

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for cellular processes

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input.

Question 20

A genetic cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa) results in which expected genotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1$$

General Biology Unit 1 Review: Foundations, Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Genetics

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards