Question 1

Which of the following best defines a gene in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A section of DNA that contains the regulatory sequences and coding information for one or more functional RNA molecules

Question 2

The process of using the information in DNA to synthesize RNA is called:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 3

Which process uses the information in mRNA to synthesize a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 4

Which of the following is an exception to the 'central dogma' of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Many genes code for RNAs that function directly in the cell

Question 5

Which of the following best states the fundamental difference between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose; DNA contains deoxyribose

Question 6

Given the DNA sequence 5'-AGCATAGTATC-3', what is the mRNA sequence transcribed from it?

Accepted Answer

5'-UCGUAUCAUAG-3'

Question 7

If the mRNA sequence is 5'-UAUACUCCAUGC-3', what is the correct protein sequence translated from it?

Accepted Answer

Tyr-Thr-Pro-Cys

Question 8

Which statement(s) about the genetic code is (are) TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Codons are non-overlapping and codons that code for the same amino acid often share the first two bases

Question 9

How many bases specify a single amino acid in the standard genetic code?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 10

How many amino acids could 4 nucleotides encode if a codon was 2 nucleotides long?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 11

How many amino acids could 4 nucleotides encode if a codon was 3 nucleotides long?

Accepted Answer

$$64$$

Question 12

The mRNA sequence 5'-AUGCCAUCUUGA-3' would be translated into what polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

Met-Pro-Ser

Question 13

Which of the following terms accurately describes the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Redundant

Question 14

A frameshift mutation could result from:

Accepted Answer

Either an insertion or a deletion of a base

Question 15

The original DNA base sequence is 5'-AGCGTTACCGT-3'; a mutation in the DNA strand results in the base sequence 5'-AGGCGTTACCGT-3'. What can you conclude about the mutation?

Accepted Answer

It is a frameshift mutation

Question 16

Mutations always decrease the fitness of an organism.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 17

A patient is found to have a chromosomal translocation. Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

A section of one chromosome is attached to a different chromosome, potentially disrupting gene function

Question 18

A silent mutation in a gene results in:

Accepted Answer

No change in the amino acid sequence of the protein

Question 19

If a mutation changes a codon from UAU (Tyr) to UAA (Stop), what type of mutation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Genes, the Central Dogma, and Mutations (Chapter 16 Study Notes)

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