Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection favors certain alleles

Question 2

A population of birds is reduced from 10,000 to 50 individuals due to a sudden storm. The surviving birds have low genetic variation and a high frequency of a rare allele. This scenario best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The bottleneck effect

Question 3

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A process where allele frequencies change due to random chance, especially in small populations

Question 4

In a small population of 10 plants, a rare allele is present in only one individual. If this individual does not reproduce, what is the most likely outcome for the allele?

Accepted Answer

The allele will be lost from the population

Question 5

Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 6

A population of snakes on an island has a much higher frequency of a banded pattern allele than the mainland population. This is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

The founder effect

Question 7

Which of the following is a real-world example of the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of colonists on Tristan da Cunha having a high frequency of inherited disorders

Question 8

Which of the following statements about genetic drift is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift has a greater effect in large populations than in small populations

Question 9

A population of insects is exposed to a new pesticide. After several generations, a previously rare allele for pesticide resistance becomes common. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates gene flow?

Accepted Answer

A storm transports some individuals from one population to another, introducing new alleles

Question 11

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the frequency of allele $$A is$$ $$p = 0.7$$, what is the expected frequency of genotype $$AA$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.49$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

Loss of rare alleles and reduced genetic diversity

Question 13

A population of prairie chickens experienced a drastic reduction in numbers, followed by low hatching rates and high frequency of harmful alleles. What evolutionary process does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The bottleneck effect

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely to increase genetic differences between two populations?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why genetic drift has a greater impact on small populations?

Accepted Answer

Random events can more easily change allele frequencies when there are fewer individuals

Question 16

If $$p is $$the frequency of allele $$A$$ and $$q is $$the frequency of allele $$a in a $$population, which equation must always be true?

Accepted Answer

$$p + q = 1$$

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of gene flow affecting local adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Snakes with banded patterns migrating from islands to the mainland, introducing new alleles

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

Increased gene flow between populations

Question 19

A population of wildflowers has a stable size of 10 plants. By chance, only two plants contribute offspring to the next generation. What is the most likely effect on allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

Allele frequencies will change unpredictably

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of gene flow on populations?

Accepted Answer

It decreases genetic differences between populations

12.3

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards