Q: If a mutation changes the codon $$\text{UAC} to$$ $$\text{UAA} in an $$mRNA sequence, what is the likely effect on translation?

Translation will terminate prematurely because $$\text{UAA} is a $$stop codon.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon using its anticodon.

Question 2

A plant with genotype RrYy is crossed with a plant that is rryy. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring if R and Y are dominant alleles and the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

1:1:1:1

Question 3

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about introns and exons in eukaryotic genes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Introns are non-coding regions that are removed from pre-mRNA during splicing.

Question 5

If a mutation changes the codon $$	ext{UAC} to$$ $$	ext{UAA} in an $$mRNA sequence, what is the likely effect on translation?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate prematurely because $$	ext{UAA} is a $$stop codon.

Question 6

Which process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Question 7

A test cross is performed between a pea plant with unknown genotype for seed color and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring show the dominant phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 9

In eukaryotic cells, what is the function of the 5' cap added to mRNA during processing?

Accepted Answer

It protects mRNA from degradation and assists in ribosome binding during translation.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains Mendel's law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation.

Question 11

Which type of RNA is a structural component of ribosomes and is NOT translated into protein?

Accepted Answer

rRNA

Question 12

A mutation in the promoter region of a gene most likely affects which process?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of transcription

Question 13

Which of the following codons is the start codon for translation in most organisms?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG}$$

Question 14

Which statement about operons in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

An operon is a set of genes regulated by a single promoter and operator.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes positive gene regulation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A regulatory protein stimulates gene expression by turning on the operon.

Question 16

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the charged tRNA first bind?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 17

Which of the following is a post-translational modification that can regulate protein activity?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 18

A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$RrYy 	imes RrYy) $$produces offspring with which expected phenotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the operator in a prokaryotic operon?

Accepted Answer

It is a DNA region where regulatory proteins bind to control transcription.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is nearly universal and each codon specifies one amino acid.

Genetics and Gene Expression: Mendelian Inheritance, Transcription, and Translation

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards