Question 1

Gregor Mendel is known for his foundational work in genetics. Which of the following best describes Mendel's contribution to biology?

Accepted Answer

He established the principles of inheritance through experiments with pea plants.

Question 2

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$), what is the expected genotype ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (AA$$:Aa:aa)

Question 3

A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. Which of the following best describes how a test cross is performed?

Accepted Answer

Crossing the individual with a homozygous recessive individual.

Question 4

In the ABO blood group system, which genotype results in a person having both A and B antigens on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$IAIB$$

Question 5

A person with type B blood has a parent with type O blood. What is the possible genotype of the type B individual?

Accepted Answer

$$IBi$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are expressed, resulting in a phenotype that shows both traits equally.

Question 7

In a dihybrid cross between a $$GgSs$$ plant and a $$ggSs$$ plant, what is the expected phenotype ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

3 Green Striped : 1 Green Solid : 3 Yellow Striped : 1 Yellow Solid

Question 8

Which term describes an individual who carries one copy of a recessive allele for a genetic disorder but does not show symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Carrier

Question 9

If a trait is controlled by more than two alleles, it is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

Multiallele system

Question 10

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple, seemingly unrelated traits.

Question 11

A pedigree chart is used in genetics to:

Accepted Answer

Track the inheritance of traits across generations.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red flower crossed with a white flower produces pink offspring.

Question 13

Polygenic inheritance is best illustrated by which of the following traits?

Accepted Answer

Human height, which is influenced by multiple genes.

Question 14

Sex-linked genes are typically found on which chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

X and Y chromosomes

Question 15

Linked genes are inherited together because:

Accepted Answer

They are located close to each other on the same chromosome.

Question 16

Recombination frequency is used to:

Accepted Answer

Estimate the distance between genes on a chromosome.

Question 17

Which formula is used to calculate the probability of two independent events both occurring?

Accepted Answer

$$P(A 	ext{ and } B) = P(A) 	imes P(B)$$

Question 18

A heterozygous individual is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Having two different alleles for a gene ($$Aa)$$

Question 19

If a gene is autosomal, it is located on:

Accepted Answer

Any chromosome except the sex chromosomes.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a Punnett square?

Accepted Answer

A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross.

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