Question 1

Gregor Mendel is known for his foundational work in genetics. Which of the following best describes Mendel's contribution to biology?

Accepted Answer

He established the principles of inheritance through experiments with pea plants.

Question 2

A true-breeding plant with purple flowers is crossed with a true-breeding plant with white flowers. All offspring have purple flowers. What does this indicate about the purple flower allele?

Accepted Answer

It is dominant over the white flower allele.

Question 3

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$), what is the expected genotype ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (AA$$ : Aa : aa)

Question 4

A person with genotype $$IAIB$$ for the ABO blood group will have which of the following phenotypes?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells with both type A and type B antigens.

Question 5

If a person with type B blood has a parent with type O blood, what is the possible genotype of the type B individual?

Accepted Answer

$$IBi$$

Question 6

In a dihybrid cross between a $$GgSs$$ plant and a $$ggSs$$ plant, what is the expected phenotype ratio for the offspring?

Accepted Answer

3 Green Striped : 1 Green Solid : 3 Yellow Striped : 1 Yellow Solid

Question 7

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

Question 8

A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. Which of the following best describes how a test cross is performed?

Accepted Answer

Cross the individual with a homozygous recessive individual.

Question 9

Which term describes a situation where a single gene affects multiple traits in an organism?

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Question 10

In polygenic inheritance, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute to a single trait.

Question 11

A pedigree chart is used in genetics to:

Accepted Answer

Track the inheritance of traits across generations.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a carrier in genetics?

Accepted Answer

An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele but does not express the trait.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red flower crossed with a white flower produces pink flowers.

Question 14

If two parents are both heterozygous for a recessive genetic disorder ($$Aa$$), what is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about sex-linked genes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are located on the sex chromosomes.

Question 16

Linked genes are most likely to be inherited together because:

Accepted Answer

They are located close to each other on the same chromosome.

Question 17

Recombination frequency is used to:

Accepted Answer

Estimate the distance between genes on a chromosome.

Question 18

A linkage map is constructed based on:

Accepted Answer

The recombination frequencies between genes.

Question 19

In a real-world scenario, a hospital must match blood types for transfusions. If a patient with type AB blood needs a transfusion, which blood types can safely be given?

Accepted Answer

Type A, Type B, Type AB, and Type O

Question 20

A plant with genotype $$GgSs is $$crossed with a plant with genotype $$ggss. $$What fraction of the offspring will have green, solid leaves?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

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