Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes with the same genes but possibly different alleles, while sister chromatids are identical copies formed during DNA replication.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a gene with two alleles, A and a. If an organism has the genotype Aa, which term best describes this genetic makeup?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

A plant with genotype Tt produces gametes, half carrying T and half carrying t.

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals with genotype BbSs, what is the probability of producing an offspring with genotype bbss? (Assume independent assortment.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A pink-flowered plant results from crossing a red-flowered plant with a white-flowered plant.

Question 6

Which process increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 7

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. Which type of inheritance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 8

If a human cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete have after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

23

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not always show perfect linkage?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis can separate linked genes.

Question 10

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder has children with a man who does not have the disorder. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Question 13

A diploid organism has a genotype AaBb. Which of the following gametes can it produce, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

AB, Ab, aB, ab

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a feature of autosomal recessive inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Two affected parents can have unaffected offspring.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction leads to more genetic variation than asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction combines alleles from two parents, while asexual reproduction produces identical offspring.

Question 16

Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants led to which major conclusion about inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Traits are inherited as discrete units called genes.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the arrangement of chromosomes in human somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are arranged in pairs, with one from each parent.

Question 18

A pedigree shows that only males are affected by a certain trait, and the trait is passed from mother to son. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

X-linked recessive

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation.

Question 20

If a man with genotype X$$^Y$$ and a woman with genotype X$$^X$$ has a son, what is the probability that the son will inherit the Y chromosome from his father?

Accepted Answer

1

Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance: Study Notes for General Biology

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