Question 1

A woman with genotype $$X^N X^n ($$where $$N is $$normal vision and $$n is $$colorblindness, an X-linked recessive trait) has children with a man with genotype $$X^N Y. $$What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable characteristics.

Question 3

A plant with genotype $$RrYy ($$where $$R = $$round, $$r = $$wrinkled, $$Y = $$yellow, $$y = $$green) is crossed with another plant of the same genotype. What fraction of the offspring will have round and green seeds?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{16}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with AB blood type

Question 5

A population of 1000 individuals has 360 individuals with genotype $$AA$$, 480 with $$Aa$$, and 160 with $$aa. $$What is the frequency of allele $$a$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.4$$

Question 6

Which chromosomal alteration is most likely to result in Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction leading to trisomy 21

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not assort independently?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome.

Question 8

In a Hardy-Weinberg population, if $$p = 0.7$$ for allele $$A$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$2pq$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.42$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

High mutation rate

Question 10

A test cross is performed between a plant with unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring display the dominant phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 11

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

One gene affects multiple traits

Question 12

A population experiences a sudden reduction in size due to a natural disaster, drastically reducing genetic diversity. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bottleneck effect

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A gene for pigment production masks the effect of a gene for pigment color

Question 14

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

Allele frequencies are changing

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height in humans

Question 16

A karyotype is most useful for detecting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomies

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group starts a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating allele frequencies in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$p + q = 1$$

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of directional selection?

Accepted Answer

Darker colored mice become more common after a volcanic eruption darkens the soil

Question 20

If a gene is located on the SRY region of the Y chromosome, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

It is only inherited by males

Genetics and Population Genetics: Key Concepts and Applications

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