Question 1

A woman with genotype $$X^N X^n ($$where $$N is $$normal vision and $$n is $$colorblindness, an X-linked recessive trait) has children with a man who has normal vision ($$X^N Y). $$What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

0.5

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the observable physical or physiological traits.

Question 3

A plant with genotype $$AaBb is $$crossed with another plant with genotype $$aabb. $$What is the probability that an offspring will have genotype $$Aabb$$? (Assume independent assortment.)

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with genotype $$I^A I^B$$ has blood type AB, expressing both A and B antigens.

Question 5

Which chromosomal abnormality results from the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Non-disjunction

Question 6

A population of 1000 individuals has two alleles at a locus: $$A$$ and $$a. If $$the frequency of $$A$$ ($$p) is$$ $$0.7$$, what is the frequency of $$a$$ ($$q$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.3$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

High mutation rate

Question 8

If $$p^2 = 0.36$ in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (2pq$)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.48$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals establishes a new population with a gene pool different from the original population.

Question 10

A woman with blood type $$A ($$genotype $$I^A i) $$and a man with blood type $$B ($$genotype $$I^B i) $$have a child. What is the probability that their child will have blood type $$O$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple traits, such as the gene for sickle cell anemia affecting both hemoglobin structure and resistance to malaria.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not assort independently?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome.

Question 13

A karyotype is most useful for detecting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios is an example of disruptive selection?

Accepted Answer

Both very light and very dark colored mice survive better than intermediate colored mice in a patchy environment.

Question 15

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The population is evolving.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus, such as coat color in Labrador retrievers.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute to a single trait, such as human skin color.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

An individual with Klinefelter syndrome ($$XXY$$ karyotype)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the SRY region?

Accepted Answer

A gene on the Y chromosome responsible for initiating male sex determination.

Question 20

In a population, the frequency of allele $$A is$$ $$0.4$$ and allele $$a is$$ $$0.6. $$According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$2pq$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.48$$

Genetics and Population Genetics: Key Concepts and Applications

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