Q: Which functional group defines the 5’ end of a DNA strand?

A phosphate group ($$\displaystyle \text{PO}_4$$^{3-}$$)

Question 1

A plant with genotype Ss (heterozygous for seed shape) is crossed with a plant with genotype ss (homozygous recessive). What percentage of the offspring will be heterozygous for seed shape?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why Mendel’s law of independent assortment occurs during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I, allowing alleles to segregate independently.

Question 3

A red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant. All offspring have pink flowers. Which inheritance pattern best explains this result?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 4

A woman with type B blood has a child with a man who has type A blood. Which of the following is a possible genotype for the woman?

Accepted Answer

I\_B i

Question 5

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes each contribute to a single trait.

Question 6

If a color-blind male (X	extsuperscript{c}Y) has a child with a woman who is a carrier for color blindness (X	extsuperscript{N}X	extsuperscript{c}), what is the probability that their child will be color-blind?

Accepted Answer

$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}$$

Question 7

Which of the following changes in chromosomal structure involves a segment of a chromosome being reversed end to end?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 8

If one DNA strand reads 3’-ACTAG-5’, what is the sequence of the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

5’-TGATC-3’

Question 9

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers needed to start the process?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 10

Which functional group defines the 5’ end of a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group ($$\displaystyle 	ext{PO}_4$$^{3-}$$)

Question 11

Which process converts DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 12

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 13

What is the function of the 5’ cap and poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in export from the nucleus.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a silent mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence.

Question 15

A tRNA has an anticodon region that is complementary and antiparallel to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

mRNA codon

Question 16

Which site on the ribosome does the very first tRNA enter during translation initiation?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why there are more X-linked disorders than Y-linked disorders in humans?

Accepted Answer

The X chromosome contains more genes than the Y chromosome.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during DNA replication at the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

Helicase unwinds DNA, single-strand binding proteins stabilize, primase synthesizes RNA primer, DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA, DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both traits (RrWw x RrWw)?

Accepted Answer

It produces a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 in the offspring.

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to have a disastrous effect on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation caused by insertion or deletion

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